King Lears Self Discovery Essay - 2112 Words

King Lears Self Discovery Although King Lear is an estimable monarch, as revealed by the devotion of men such as Kent, he has serious character flaws. His power as king has encouraged him to be proud and impulsive, and his oldest daughters Regan and Goneril reflect that The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash... and that he hath ever but slenderly known himself (1.1.297-298, 295-296). When Lear decides to divide his kingdom between his three daughters, Cordelia, Goneril, and Regan in order to have less responsibility in his old age, he creates a situation in which his eldest daughters gain authority over him and mistreat him. Lear is unable to cope with his loss of power and descends into madness. While†¦show more content†¦In this rash action he sets himself up for the complete loss of power that drives him to madness. Lear has the opportunity to rethink his impulsive decision and change his mind, but in his pride he is too stubborn to admit that he might have used poor judgment in giving power to his eldest daughters. Cordelia fruitlessly implores the king to see why she was unable to express her love and also gives a veiled warning as to the integrity of her sisters when she states ...I want that glib and oily art/ To speak and purpose not, since what I well intend/ Ill dot before I speak (1.1.226-228). Also, Kent, his closest adviser, implores him to recant his vow and warns him that his pride is dictating his actions when he asks, Thinkst thou that duty shall have dread to speak/ When power to flattery bows? (1.1.148-149). However, on both occasions Lear ignores the wisdom that these characters speak and brushes off their statements with insults against them for contesting his authority. After disowning Cordelia, he exiles Kent for speaking out of place. Lear reveals the extremity of his r ashness as he punishes the two people who have consistently loved him and looked out for his well-being for small infractions. In removing these people from his life, he increases the power of the untrustworthy elder sisters, and makes an already bad situation worse. Lear states to the eldest sisters in his agreement to give them his land that hisShow MoreRelatedDramatic Scene Illustrated in Shakespeares King Lear - Storm Scene891 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s King Lear offers its audience an impossible number of dramatic and memorable scenes, but I have chosen the storm scenes in Act III Scenes 1, 2 and 4 as my key dramatic scenes. The storm provides a dramatic centre to the play. It is used to bring about change, to represent Lear’s inner unrest, to symbolise the power of nature and to expose the play’s characters under the intolerant conditions of thunder and lightning. 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Greenland and Australia Continents or Not

Why is Australia a continent and Greenland is not? The definition of a continent varies, so the number of continents ranges between five and seven continents. Generally, a continent is one of the major land masses on earth. However, in every accepted definition of continents, Australia is always included as a continent (or is part of an Oceania continent) and Greenland is never included. Different Definitions of Continents While that definition might not hold water for some people, there is no official globally recognized definition of a continent. Just as some seas are called seas and others are called gulfs or bays, continents generally refer to the major land masses of earth. Even though Australia is the smallest of the accepted continents, Australia is still more than 3.5 times larger than Greenland. There has to be a line in the sand between the small continent and the worlds largest island, and traditionally that line exists between Australia and Greenland. Besides size and tradition, one can make the argument geologically. Geologically, Australia lies on its own major tectonic plate while Greenland is part of the North American plate. Locally, residents of Greenland consider themselves islanders while many in Australia see their county as a continent. Even though the world lacks official definitions for a continent, it should be concluded that Australia is a continent and Greenland is an island. On a related note, I will here state my objection to including Australia as part of a continent of Oceania. Continents are land masses, not regions. It is completely appropriate to divide the planet into regions (and, in fact, this is quite preferable to dividing the world into continents), regions make better sense than continents and they can be standardized.

George Eliot An Intrusive Author Free Essays

An omniscient narrator and in addition a constantly interfering one ensures that the reader is well informed about re opinion and hardly is able to form an own one different from hers. However she pretends to look at her characters in a scientific way. The subtitle sounds like a title for a dissertation: ‘Study of Provincial Life’ which calls for objectivity. We will write a custom essay sample on George Eliot: An Intrusive Author or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eliot very seldom directly states her personal opinion, like when she says: â€Å"For my part I am very sorry for him† (Elliot G. :3. 29) In contrast to the â€Å"strong [microscopic] lens applied to Mrs. Stepladder’s matchmaking† (Elliot G. L . 6). The reason for this scientific approach might be a deep desire to morally lift up society and this way she tries to Influence humankind. Eliot had a secular understanding of morality. Newton sees it â€Å"as signs of an excessive moralist† (Newton K. M. ). However I do not agree with him, but believe that she wanted to spread and propagate her opinion and improve humankind as the intrusive narrator comments â€Å"We are all of us born into moral stupidity, taking the world as an udder to feed our supreme selves’ (Elliot G. :2. 21 ). She is a child of Victorian writing and â€Å"places humans at the centre of 1 the cosmic stage, In the place of God (Department of English Studies. 2008:79). Her spectacles towards religion and how religious people should conduct them In cuisines Is shown In the contrasting characters of Mr. Caleb Garth and Mr. Bolstered. Bolstered is a devoutly religious banker in Middleware. â€Å"It was a principle with Mr. God† (Elliot 6. :2. 16). Although he does a lot of good things like the fever hospital, the narrator let him appear as a disagreeable hypocrite. During the course of the story the reader learns that he has a questionable past and even made his fortune through omission of telling the truth, by not admitting the existence of Will Ladies mother as the daughter of the widow he married. At the end he does not only try to rib Will Ladies and Legate, but also indirectly commits murder. Even so he still manages for his own mental sake to distort all proceedings as it were God’s will although â€Å"he went through a great deal of spiritual conflict and inward argument in order to adjust his motives, and make clear to himself what God’s glory required. (Elliot 6. :3. 32). However people were skeptical about him and did not trust him fully. Kayaked sees the root of his hypocrisy in his continual striving for self- deception (Kayaked G. 2003). In addition Bolstered was less concerned with applied eligibility but with a â€Å"spiritual kind of rescue [which] was a genuine need with him. 0 He was simply a man whose desires had been stronger than his theoretic beliefs, and who had gradually explained the gratification of his desires into satisfactory agreement with those beliefs† (Elliot 6. 4. 61). The narrator’s gives us her moral opinion right after this passage â€Å"This implicit reasoning is essentially nor more peculiar to evangelical belief than the use of wide phrases for narrow motives is peculiar to Englishmen† and â€Å"there is no general doctrine which is not capable of dating out our morality if unchecked by the deep-seated habit of direct fellow-feeling with individual fellow-men† (Elliot 6. :4. 65). Balustrade’s preference is also expressed in the choice of 2 Mr. Tyke who â€Å"is a real Gospel preacher† (Elliot G. 4. 18) in opposition to Mr. Freebooter because he does not teach his opinion â€Å"which he calls spiritual religion† (Elliot 6. :4. 17). In the case of Bolstered I believe George Eliot wants to teach the moral lesson: the highe r you climb, the father you fall’. As Mr. Balustrade’s aim was to be â€Å"an eminent Christian† (Elliot 6. :5. 52) his disgrace was all the worth at the end. The opposite of Mr. Bolstered what concerns business and religiosity is Mr. Garth and his family. Mr. Garth does not constantly talk about religion but lives it. He helps where he can even if he puts himself and his family in trouble and has a most forgiving sole. He lends the money to Fred, who actually should have more money than himself and is neither angry nor regrets his decision when he is told that Fred cannot pay it back, although this meaner that his own son has to sacrifice his education. He is an example of altruism and applied religiosity. He is described as an honest, discreet ad hard irking man who expects everyone around him to act the same way. In contrast to Mr. Bolstered George Elliot promotes through Mr. Garth a religion of man, not of God and an understanding of religion which is based on the fellowship amongst men rather than the personal satisfaction of his ego. Humanity is the centre of Elite’s belief and she stresses the importance of men taking responsibility for their actions viewed sympathetic identification?altruism?as the antidote to the enervating effects of egoism or self-interest which political economists had argued’ (Christianson F. ). For me the family of Mr. Garth is an impressing example of how Christianity should be lived and applied. Mr. Garth sees fulfillment in his work and enjoys the improvement of conditions without thinking about payment. He wants to improve society with his work and is satisfied if he sees progress and that he has done a good job. It is important for him â€Å"to have the 3 chance of getting a bit of the country into good fettle, as they say, and putting men into the right way with their farming, and getting a bit of good contriving and solid building done?that those who are living and those who come after will be the better or† (Elliot 6. :4. 40). He loves his work, but despises business and therefore he often does not charge for his work. As a result the family is poor, but happy. Others are drinking or gambling but his bad habit â€Å"is to work without being paid† (Elliot 6. :3. 24). Caleb finds delight in the sight of people working and listening to their sounds, which â€Å"had acted on him as poetry without the aid of the poets, had made a philosophy for him without the aid of philosophers, a religion without the aid of theology’ (Elliot G. : 3. 24). Mr. Garth and his family show the worth of hard work, good sense, and practical kindness. They demonstrate the virtue of doing the necessary work that lies at hand, rather than planning to save the world (Kayaked G. 2003). They also do not care about ranks and what people say. â€Å"He thought very well of all ranks, but he would not himself have liked to be of any rank in which he had not such close contact with ‘business† (Elliot 6. :3. 24). In contrary Mr. Bolstered cares about rank and buys Featheriness property to rise in rank. Rank and class is also great important to Fred and a constant issue to Will Ladies. Fred Vinci and Will Ladies is another contrasting couple in similar situations. Although Eliot does not seem to condemn rank absolutely, she views it from several perspectives. On one hand there is the whole Vinci family who is extremely status conscious. Fred is constantly aware of his rank which makes him a self-indulged, â€Å"pleasure seeking† (Elliot 6. :3. 23) and idle man who thinks he has a right to prosperity without work and effort. Fred was brought up in a way he never had to think about money and also not to think about a way he should earn it. The children had no standard of economy’ (Elliot G. :3. 23). Rank was of great 4 importance and â€Å"even when Caleb Garth was prosperous, the Evinces were on undiscerning terms with him and his wife, for there were nice distinctions of rank in Middleware; and though old manufacturers could not any more than dukes be connected with none but equals, they were conscious of an inherent social superiority which was defi ned with great nicety in practice, though hardly expressible enjoying the sense of belonging to no class† (Elliot 6. :5. 46). Will finds his position to be liberating. He doesn’t have to follow the same social rules as everyone else. If he wants to lie on the rug instead of sitting bolt upright in a chair, he lies on the rug. Ladies and Fred both were sponsored by other people. Fred by his father and Ladies by Mr. Cubans, but Eliot shows, that there are different ways to handle this situation. Ladies works for Mr. Brooke and never considers whether this is appropriate for him or not. Others, like Mr. Cheetah, criticism his conduct. Fred instead thinks work is below his standard and not appropriate. In addition he lives beyond his meaner and has no problem in indenting himself. He believes he â€Å"had a right to be free from anything disagreeable† (Elliot 6. :3. 23) and winced under the idea of being looked down upon as wanting funds for small debts. However 160 pounds were not really small debts, but Fred could ask nobody else than Mr. Garth who was the â€Å"poorest and the kindest† (Elliot 6. :3. 23). Finally Fred is pulled out of his situation through the Garth family. Elite’s secular understanding of morality includes the belief in the possibility of moral growth and responsibility of men for their actions. Still this growth is only possible with the support of the society. This is the reason why her individuals are necessarily part of society and those who cut themselves off from society fail. Eliot is most concerned with the improvement of society (Kayaked G. 2003). Fred is a good example that even though he has false tendencies he is able 5 to change, although this is only possible with the help of others, namely Mary and Mr. Garth. Mr. Garth always believed in Fed and was sure â€Å"the lad would turn out well† (Elliot 6. :3. 3), however he thinks that Fred â€Å"hasn’t got a principle in him to make him more afraid of doing the wrong thing by others than of getting his own toes pinched† (Elliot 6. :3. 25). In contrary Ladies has honor and principle although he is in a similar situation and depends on money of others. In Will Ladies Eliot created a character that shows not only pride but also perseverance. Eliot conveys her understanding of morality through a re alistic presentation. She does this to make her readers believe that no matter how hard the circumstances are, man can act morally (Kayaked G. 2003). Ladies neither accepts Balustrade’s money nor the payment from Mr. Cubans when he did not agree with him any longer and he is proud of the fact that his mother kept clear of the shady dealings of her father’s business, and his grandmother, who was willing to sacrifice her family fortune to marry the man she Ovid. Both Fred and Ladies show that the individual has a choice in his own life. This way Eliot questions the issue of determinism and free will. She conceives that man’s life and choice are basically determined, but man is still responsible for his choices and acts as he retains the faculty of free will (Kayaked G. 003). Otherwise it would not have been possible for Ladies to marry Throated in spite of the financial pressures of Caboose’s codicil and the prejudices of the Middleware citizens regarding his mixed descent with his â€Å"dangerously mixed blood† (Elliot 6. :5. 46). Eliot obviously does not agree with these kinds of prejudices and s tereotypes as she little children† and nice to older ladies (Elliot G. :5. 46). 6 Elite’s attitude towards women and marriage are another interesting point. Women play a very important role in Middleware and are a driving force behind the men. Also Mr. Garth knows that and insists that Fred â€Å"loves Mary and a true love for a good woman is a great thing, 0 it shapes many rough fellow’ (Elliot 6. :6. 56). On the other side Mary is aware of men’s needs and knows that â€Å"husbands are an inferior class of men, who require keeping in order† (Elliot 6. :8. 77). Also Mrs.. Garth supports her husband by stressing out that the right thinking inside of a person is what he has to follow no matter what other people say about you. Mimi must have it inside you that your plan is right and that plan you follow’ (Elliot 6. :4. 40). Both Ladies and Fred are strongly influenced and directed by women. In Fried’s case Marry is the one who leads him on the right pass. She would not marry him, because she sees that they cannot make a life together unless he finds his true place in the world. The church is for Mary obviously not the true place as she thinks he would be a ridiculous clergyman. Mary is not blinded by class or rank, but sees in Fred an â€Å"idle frivolous creature† (Elliot 6. :3. 25). She shows more pride than he has. â€Å"l should be ashamed to say that I loved a man who must always be hanging on others, and reckoning on what they would do for him† (Elliot 6. 3. 25). Therefore Mary tries to make a responsible man out of Fred, one that is acting and not only talking so he can be respected like her father is. Also Throated is responsible for Will’s career. Trochee’s great quality is her ability to influence people by the strength of her idealism, and this has ruefully affected Ladies: â€Å"But that simplicity of hers, holding up an ideal for others in her believing conception of them, was one of the great powers of her womanhood. And it had from the first acted strongly on Will Ladies 0, he felt that in her mind he had found his highest estimate (Elliot G. 8. 77). Without the influence of Throated, we are made to feel, Ladies would have remained a rootless aesthete. However 7 Will’s love for Throated is giving and altruistic. He wants to protect her and lift her up. He â€Å"always seemed to see more in what she said than herself saw’ (Elliot 6. 4. 37). In Middleware women have great power and influence on their husbands. However Eliot promotes their subordinate position which is expressed in the duty of the wives to support and follow their husbands no matter what happens. Mrs.. Bolstered bears her husband and chooses to live with less comfort and stay with him although he has to leave Middleware in disgrace. She acts differently from her niece Roseland who is not willing to share the hardship of her husband, but is shown as an eccentric and selfish character in contrast to Throated who submissively accepts her role as Mr. f her characters conveys her attitude either as good or as bad example. Determinism and free will as well as the humanistic and applied side of religion are her major concerns. How to cite George Eliot: An Intrusive Author, Papers

Harbin Ice Festival Essay Sample free essay sample

1. 0 Introduction2. 1 History Make you cognize that ice was one time used to keep a firing taper during the Qing Dynasty back in 1644? The ice lantern was foremost created in the northeast China during the winter clip. It was said that. back in the seventeenth century. ice lanterns were made by fisherman and husbandmans in the nor-east China to forestall the taper from being blown out by the strong air current. Due to the flood tide conditions in northeast China. ice can easy be formed by merely allowing a pail of H2O to stop dead in unfastened air. Therefore. fishermen in China decide fill up a pail of H2O and allow it stop dead in the unfastened infinite. After few hours of stop deading in the unfastened infinite. fishermen heat the pail a small to divide the ice from the pail. The fisherman so chiseled a hole in the center of the ice to let go of the staying H2O go forthing a hollow vas. A windproof ice lantern is now formed. The windproof ice lantern has gain popularity that people starts to do ice lanterns to set outside their house and gave it to their kids to play during some festivals. Ice lantern was the symbol of winter vacation back in the old yearss. Ice lanterns besides typify the novel alterations and huge progress in techniques of the Chinese workmanship. 2. 2 Introduction of Harbin Ice lanterns were foremost found in Harbin. Northeast China. which is located under the direct influence of the cold winter from Siberia. Harbin metropolis came into colony foremost in 1907. by the Nazhen nationality. This topographic point was named Harbin because of the natural and cold fishing country in Songhua River. The name of Harbin literally meant â€Å"where fishing cyberspaces are dried† . During winter yearss particularly on January. the mean high temperature reached -13  °C ( 8  °F ) while the mean low temperature reached -25  °C ( -13  °F ) . Although this state. Hei Long Jiang is under a bad conditions. the population of this state had incredibly reached 39 million. and the official population in lone Harbin is 10 million with 4 million life in proper metropolis countries. 2. 0 Impact2. 1 Social and cultural impacts Harmonizing to ‘Festival and Particular Event Management. Fourth Edition’ . all events have a direct societal and cultural impact on their participants. The impacts might be little from state to state and large until countrywide. Every event give impact of positive and negative to the participant. First. the positive societal and cultural impact to this event is the sharing of experience. While tourers participate in this event. they tend to larn experience from the citizens and might every bit good portion their ain experience to the other. Besides. the rate of community engagement besides increased because the readying work for this festival acquires a batch of labour which opens a on the job chance to the citizens which increases the activity of citizens during a cold conditions. The 2012 Harbin ice and snow festival besides coincides the start of China-Russia touristry twelvemonth. hence. most of the performing artists from Russia fall in the performing artists from China to set up several memorable shows. which had increased the value of the full event. Furthermore. new and ambitious thoughts were introduced through this event such as a new degree of ice sculpting accomplishments. Craftsmans were able to derive new ice carving and sculpturing from this festival. Harmonizing the CNN News. there were about 2000 ice statues around Harbin and the largest snow sculpture. a 27 metre high ‘Snow Girl’ were placed in The Sun Island. Furthermore. this festival had built the community pride of the state and the state. During the interview with CNN News. a Harbin occupant said he was excited since ice and snow were ever a portion of their civilization. and were joyous because the ice festival made their metropolis more beautiful and was happy that aliens can experience the enthusiasm of the locals through the event. This festival had impressed aliens and even the locals from other state to pay a visit to this highly cold topographic point during winter. Harmonizing to the CNN News study. 18 twosomes from around the universe were witness to finish their nuptials in the event. One of the bride Gao XiaoYu said the ice nuptials was a memory to their first day of the month since she and her hubby foremost met on a winter twenty-four hours. This international event had brought the state to another degree in the universe and addition popularity for this festival. With this head. negative societal impact as negative community image will besides be a portion of the full festival. Negative community image is they negative manner citizen show to the participants as soiled lavatory. smoke in public topographic points etc. These will straight impact the image of the topographic point or even the whole state. Besides. bad behaviours are besides a common job happens during the festival. Bad behaviours such as touching or destructing the ice statues will convey bad image to the peculiar state. Harmonizing to Black Diamond Equipment. sponsored athlete were allowed to mount on any of the ice edifice by organisers had received many negative remarks as it’s said to hold destroy the edifice and has show disrespect to the creative persons. In add-on. a serious negative impact is community disaffection. Locals will seek to set or alter their original civilization in order to be welcoming. 2. 2 Political Impact Politic is plays an of import function in events particularly international events. Events were use by politicians to derive their personal popularity among the people. They frequently throw a unfastened house for Hari Raya. Chinese New Year. Hari Deepavali and others. or charity shows. The positive impacts for The Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival had successfully build up the international prestigiousness of China. The festival had bring great celebrity to the state and the state while keeping the festival as this topographic point were frequently cut out from the list of going due to the conditions. However. the festival had made the topographic point more lively and warm with the welcoming of Harbin Residents. As Mayor of Harbin. Mr Lin Duo said they warmly welcome invitees around the universe to fall in the festival. In add-on. this festival has so improved the profile of the topographic point as it shows the beautiful side of the landscape. The blest landscape had allow sculpturers to demo their endowment and construct something magnificent. Harmonizing to the study of a CNN Go staff from CNN News states that the organisers of the festival plans to construct the universe longest ice slide but the locale and length are yet to be announced. Furthermore. the festival had opened a opportunity for investors to put and take to the development. Harmonizing to the website ‘Direct Rooms’ . the entire figure of registered hotels in Harbin is 65. As a affair of fact. hotels were built to ingratiate the sum of tourers that flows into Harbin each twelvemonth. Therefore. this festival had drawn a amount of investors. Meanwhile. for one thing the organisers feared the most is the hazard of failure of the event. The successful of this festival had become the Centre of focal point to tourers and the local authorities. Therefore. organisers were forced to do certain the festival operates right each twelvemonth. Once a failure occurs. the festival might loss its focal point. Besides. local authorities might loss the community ownership and control to the tourers around the universe. Tourists were overpowering the cordial reception of locals and were frequently demanding. This brings irritation to locals which they can’t do anything about it because of the personal right of the tourers. If this state of affairs continues. the harmonious between locals and tourers might come to a breakage point. Besides. tourers find this festival deficiency of answerability as there is no official organisation to manage the ailments. This is a serious job to as there will be no betterment if the organiser know n il about the dissatisfied of tourers. 2. 3 Environmental impact Harmonizing to ‘Festival and Particular Event Management. Fourth Edition’ . an event is an first-class manner in which to showcase the alone features of the host environment. For case. the climbathon held in Mount Kinabalu each twelvemonth had show the universe the beautiful landscape of Malaysia or North Borneo. known by aliens to the universe. The Harbin Ice and Snow Festival had provided a opportunity to showcase the environment of Harbin. During the interview with China Daily News. a tourer Zhao Li had visited The Sun Island and said she was excited to see in a monolithic and well-protected wetland. In add-on. China is a state with assorted sorts of landscape in different countries. Therefore. it is a learning opportunity for tourers to larn the high land and the beauty of the landscape. In add-on. the festival had besides increased the environmental consciousness for tourers. Harmonizing to the statistic. sum of ice blocks cut from Song Hua River each twelvemonth were over 100. 000 dozenss for the festival. Peoples began to aware the job of planetary heating as the H2O degree rises. Through this festival. participants were educated the importance of H2O in mundane life. Furthermore. the transit and communicating were besides upgraded and improved due to the convenience of the tourer which besides indirectly benefits the locals. Conveyances and communicating is a really of import elements for each and every events. Therefore. public conveyances and route were mend and nicely construct to increase the feeling of tourers. Despite the positive impact were converting. there will ever be negative impacts. Noise perturbation is a common job seen during the festival each twelvemonth as the topographic point is flooded with tourers and locals. During the full festival. the quiet and cold metropolis had become lively. but it had created noise pollution for locals. Foreigners with different wont had disturbed the peace of the locals. Likewise. traffic congestion is besides a great job as tourers flood into the metropolis by vehicles had destroyed the peace of the metropolis. Traffic congestion is a serious affair that can do traffic accident and event defeat which is unsafe. Harmonizing to research. accident will ever go on during any festivals or events no affair it is terrible or light. To work out this job. local authorities should develop a new manner of conveyance that can work out the traffic job. Last but non least. pollution is a common job in every event. For illustration air and noise pollution. Transportation system increased in a sudden large sum had released toxic gas and fume that endangered wellness and lead to planetary heating. The air released might indirectly destruct the ice sculpture and shorten the clip of the festival as ice starts to run when there is heat. Melting ice sculpture might be a menace to the participant safety as large blocks of ice might be falling. Harmonizing to the local meteorological agency. a senior meteorologist at the Heilongjiang Observatory Yin Xuemian said that the ice sculpture thaws right after they were sculpt on twelvemonth 2002. While twelvemonth 2006. a ball amount of money and energy were needed to r emake the liquid sculptures. 2. 4 Tourism and economic impact An event is tightly tied to tourism and economic system. These elements are really common and of import to a peculiar event as event has the power to convey a dead metropolis to life. As a affair of fact. touristry is besides a great manner to convey in money exchanged and is a chief income of a state. The Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival had created a destinational publicity and increased tourer visits. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //english. cntv. cn/program/cultureexpress/20120109/110434. shtml hypertext transfer protocol: //vimeo. com/38873359hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cnngo. com/shanghai/visit/harbin-ice-and-snow-festival-celebrate-china-russia-tourism-year-545566 hypertext transfer protocol: //directrooms. com/china/hotels/harbin-hotels/price1. htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www. chinadaily. com. cn/bizchina/2012-08/30/content_15718771. htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www. colourlovers. com/blog/2009/02/02/color-inspiration-2009-harbin-ice-snow-festival hypertext transfer protocol: //www. China. org. cn/english/environment/238742. htm

Independent free essay sample

â€Å"Which is right?† I asked my dad, pointing to a page in a book that told the difference between two political parties, â€Å"Republican or Democrat?† He tended to favor a more conservative ideology, and since I was thirteen, impressionable and eager to learn, I ate up every word my parents told me, no questions asked. It wasn’t until I turned fifteen years old that I realized that I had unintentionally been told how to think and act my whole life. â€Å"Children are to be seen and not heard† seemed to become the thesis of my existence. As I got older, I found that I started disagreeing with my parents routinely. I didnt believe in the same values as them or think the same way they did, and it often led to abrasive, fleeting arguments. Almost always I was immediately shot down for being an inexperienced kid. It was not just because I was a teenager now either- it was because I was starting to think for myself and break free from my confining upbringing. We will write a custom essay sample on Independent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I had changed my political ideology to one of my own, my family- including aunts, uncles, grandparents and cousins- would harass me and attempt to disprove nearly every word out of my mouth. They would single me out, asking me questions they knew I could not answer. They called me names like â€Å"snowflake† and â€Å"libtard† and perhaps found comfort in saying that I did not know what I was talking about.My lack of support on my opinions and feelings seemed a game to them- they treated me as if it were just a phase I would soon grow out of. This conflict and inherent invalidation of my thoughts essentially drove me to become disinterested in politics and to stay silent. Yet again at fifteen, I had an important decision to make- to play soccer my freshman year or focus on school. I had played soccer my entire life- since I was three years old. I was constantly told I was the best defender the team had ever had and I wasn’t allowed to stop playing. My father was captain of his high school soccer team, and he had been my assistant coach for years. My mom was incredibly involved with our team’s management and the â€Å"soccer mom† community. So when it came time to decide, I felt obligated to play because of my history and involvement with the team. I didnt want to disappoint anyone by not playing, but I didn’t know if Iwanted to spend my next four autumns devoted to such a competitive team. I was completely torn, but I eventually decided against playing. My parents and teammates expressed extreme disappointment which didnt make me feel supported or confident in my choice, but I was finally learning that it was okay to do wh at I wanted to do. Ive learned that making my own choices, no matter how insignificant, is liberating and freeing, even in the smallest of senses. My parents and I still don’t always see eye to eye but as I become more independent, they respect my decisions and challenge me to stand up for myself, building my morale each and every day.

Why The Crusades Failed

Why The Crusades Failed Introduction The crusades refer to the chain of religious wars, fought in the Levant and Asia Minor between the years 1095 and 1291. During the wars, Western European nations engaged the locals, in response to propaganda related to religious expansion.1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why The Crusades Failed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first crusade was ordered by Pope Urban II, who was acting as an agent of the Roman Catholic. The aim of the crusade was to restore Christian control of the holy lands at Jerusalem and the surrounding areas.2 The cause for the crusades could be traced to the times of the Siljug-Byzantine and Arab-Byzantine wars, which ended in the conclusive defeat of Byzantine forces in 1701. After the decisive defeat, the Emperor, Alexios I appealed to Christian nations to fight the common enemy (Muslims), thus requested for their participation in the armed conflict. As a result, Pope Urban II agreed to the request, and committed western leaders to the course of reclaiming the Holy lands.3 The crusaders’ forces were made up of Catholic armies that had come in from Western Europe. However, the forces were never under the same unit of command; the different teams were commanded by different leaders.4 The first crusades were successful. However, those that followed thereafter failed, leading to the defeat of the crusaders. After the defeat, the Crusaders were forced to return to their countries. Most of the soldiers were French. Thus, they were referred as Franks. This was the name used by the Muslim fighters during the duration of the war. On the other hand, the Europeans commonly referred to the people of the Holy Lands as Saracens. The name was used in a negative manner and was used throughout the crusades and after, including the 20th century.5 The crusades were characterized by alliances, including that between Christians and Sultanate of Rum, during the time of the fifth crusade.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The crusades had major economic, political and social effects on Western Europe, including the considerable weakening of the Christian-Byzantine kingdom, which was later conquered by Muslim Turks.6 The factors that led to the failure of the Crusades The failure of the crusades resulted from a number of factors, including the weakening of the rule of the leaders of the war at their home countries.7 They came to the realization that their continued stay at Middle East undermined the rule and the peace at their home countries: the authority and the powers of the leaders of the crusades were threatened at their countries.8 One of such cases was that of Richard I of England, who realized that the brother that he had left in charge of the throne at England was no longer willing to allow him, take the throne upon his return.9 As a result, the threat to the rule of the leaders of the crusaders forces resulted in their departure from the Middle East, so that they could regain their previous rule and the control of their nations. As a consequence, the forces of the Crusaders continued to weaken, which resulted in their inability to handle the fighting capacity of the Muslim forces.10 Further, the divided attention of the crusaders between focusing their attention on the war, and returning to their countries, so they could continue their activities weakened their resolve to continue the crusades. The crusades failed, as a result of the conflicts between the leaders of the different crusaders’ teams. Some of the conflicts resulted from the lack of a common center of command, while others resulted from differences in the priorities of the different leaders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why The Crusades Failed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the conflicts among European forces included the rivalry between Innocent IV and Fredrick II. Fredrick II believed that Innocent IV was spreading a campaign against him. At the same time of the rivalry between Fredrick II and Innocent IV, Louis IX of France was planning the seventh crusade, which was not supported by many of the other leaders. Later, Louis IX attempted to reconcile the conflict of interest between the two, to no avail, which increased the rivalry between the crusaders forces. The continued conflict of interest and the rivalry between the Crusaders’ forces weakened their combined effort, as well as well as their strategic approach to the wars. Further, the weakening resolve decreased the ability of the crusaders to match the fighting abilities of the Muslims, which led to their unexpected defeat.11 The failure of the crusades resulted from the double-crossing of the Greeks. It was considered so, after the military allies of the pope lost their tru st in the loyalty of the church. They lost faith in the church after the Greek Orthodox Church gave money to the authorities of the church, so that the church could help install Alexius to power.12 The strategy of buying the placement of Alexius to power seemed to the military allies, as an effort that went contrary to the values of the Greeks. As a result, the misunderstanding between the church and the military allies led to a continued withdrawal of the support offered by the allies of the pope. The withdrawal of the support of the allies of the Pope led to a reduction in the military capacity of the crusaders’ forces. The withdrawal of the support offered to the Crusades also resulted from the increasing incidences of corruption and political dissension among the partners in the war. With the decreasing cooperation between the different parties, towards winning the war, the Muslims were on the other hand, improving their cooperative effort and shared participation. As a r esult, the crusaders were overpowered by the increasing efforts of the Muslims, which forced them to concede defeat.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The failure of the crusades was caused by the relatively few soldiers in the crusaders forces, compared to those from the Muslim side. The crusaders benefited from the superiority of their war technology and skills, which offered them an edge ahead of the Muslim forces. As a result, the first attacks were successful, but as time went on, the Muslims mastered their skills. Therefore, they were able to avoid defeat. Further, the western armies arrived in the Middle East after a long journey, which would leave them tired, weakened by diseases and also the attacks that they met on their way there. As a result, their fighting abilities would be greatly reduced by the factors mentioned, which made them not to compete with the Muslims at their optimal war capacity. Also, after conquered a certain area in the Middle East, some members of the crusaders forces would leave for their home countries. As a result, the remaining troops would have few soldiers to continue with the war, as well as t hose to ensure that the conquered areas were not reclaimed. The impact of the continual return of the Crusaders forces was worsened by the fact that the soldiers that left for their home countries would take more than decades to return, or send other soldiers to take their place in the war.13 The failure of the crusades was caused by the expensive nature of the war attempts. Some groups believed that the crusades were staged by the Europeans, so they could acquire wealth and riches. However, contrary from this view, the nations involved in the crusades scrapped, borrowed and imposed great taxes on their citizens so that they would afford sustaining the crusades. The funds raised through the increased taxation levels, and the borrowing was channeled towards paying the armies, equipping the forces and feeding the soldiers at the base. The difference between the conquest of the Middle East and other areas where they had previously captured was that the land there was not a revenue-prod ucing. Therefore, compared to their European farm lands, the Crusaders felt that they were not gaining from the captured. As a result, the home nations of the Crusaders continued to carry the burden of the war, which left them no choice, other than to accept that the crusades were not viable in the long term. Further, most of the exhaustible resources that were available to the crusaders as well as the supplies that they received from their nations started running out after years of fighting. The continued reduction of European resources discouraged some of the nations, which resulted in a continuous withdrawal of their forces from the Middle East. As a consequence, the forces left at Middle East continued weakening and reducing, which resulted in their defeat by the Muslim soldiers.14 The failure of the crusades resulted from the lack of support from the Byzantines, despite the fact that they had promised to offer the Europeans support throughout the crusading period.15 As a result , the Crusaders continued to wait for the help of the Byzantines, which led to a weaker resolve to engage in the crusades without them. Their expectation of getting help from the Byzantines was solidified by their knowledge that the Comnenus lineage of rulers had requested for the help of the pope, which marked the beginning of the Crusades.16 As a result, the lack of support from the Byzantines demoralized the crusaders, and weakened the ground they had gained in the Middle East.17 The failure of the crusades was caused by the lack of a proper channel for transporting more people from Europe to the Middle East, so that the new recruits could offer support to the soldiers that had arrived earlier.18 The European groups willing to participate in the war lacked the channel of arriving in the Middle East. In this regard, their valuable input would have helped maintain the dominion of the earlier armies, which is evident from the success of the first crusades. One example of such a fail ed attempt to transport more people to the Middle East was that led by a German youth called Nicholas in 1212.19 Nicholas announced that he had been commissioned by God to voyage to the holy land, and spread the message that he would take more people to participate in the crusades. From his campaigns about the voyage to the holy land, he gathered the following of 30,000 hopefuls who were willing to go with him to the holy land.20 However, after the leaving Cologne for the Middle East, many of the people died of disease and hunger along the way, while some were eaten by wild animals like wolves. Additionally, thieves attacked them and stole their clothing and food, leaving them without the resources to keep them going. Upon the arrival of the many hopefuls in Genoa, they were dismissed to go back to their homes as there were no ships to transport them to the Middle East.21 The impossible nature of transporting people in the Middle East stopped many groups, which could help the troops that had arrived there earlier, so that they could win the wars.22 There was another case of a group in France, which sought its way to the Middle East to participate in the crusades. The group led by Stephen comprised of more than 20,000 people. Stephen had promised that the sea would give way for the group to cross to Palestine.23 However, the seas did not give way, forcing them to seek an alternative means of transport. While at the shore, some ship owners offered to take them across to the holy land. Unfortunately, some of the ships wrecked while at sea, and those that arrived at the other side were attacked by forces ordered by Fredrick II. The travelers in the ships including the children were taken as slaves.24 This difficulty in the transportation of more people in the Middle East shows the difficulty that the Europeans experienced, when trying to increase the forces participating in the Crusades. As a result, the rate of replacing the soldiers that died and those that went back to their homeland was slow, which weakened the ability of the crusaders forces, leading to their defeat.25 The failure of the crusades was fueled by the bloody attacks of the Muslim forces, including the raid that took place after the departure of Louis. Immediately after the departure, a civil war started between the Genoese and the Venetians.26 At the same time, the Baibars took the opportunity to strike, and marched across the coast of the region, capturing different towns, previously controlled by Christians, one after another. Some of the towns captured during the raid include Antioch, Jaffa, Safad, and Caesarea.27 During the raid, many Christians and crusaders were enslaved, and others slaughtered, which greatly weakened the power of the Crusaders’ forces in areas like Antioch to an irreparable extent. The massive attack weakened the ability of the crusaders in countering Muslim forces, and also demoralized the remaining forces, which drove them towards accepting defeat. The forces of the Crusaders were also affected by a lack of communication, which resulted, partly from the unfriendly relations between the leaders of the different nations or teams. The lack of communication between the different teams was worsened by the language barriers that existed between them. Some of the teams used Latin while others used French. However, among the soldiers, the problem was worse, as most of them could not understand one another, which widened the rivalry between different teams.28 As a result, there was a prevalent lack of common resolve and unit of command, which widened their inability to counter Muslim forces. The relations between the groups were also characterized by an inherent lack of proper planning due to the rivalry between the different groups. This was with regard to the resources required and the avenues to use during the crusades.29 The failure of the Crusaders’ forces was perpetuated by the European style of fighting, as the cr usaders relied on heavy armor and large horses. They also relied on a few bowmen, which was not enough to counter the experienced fighting style of the Muslims. The Muslims, on the other hand, used camels and fast horses, which allowed them to move across the desert-war-front very fast. The Muslims also had innumerable bowmen. Therefore, they could attack the Europeans from a far distance, which increased their advantage in defeating them. The fighting strategies of the Muslims left the Crusaders helpless, whenever the Muslims decided to strike. Therefore, this shows that the fundamental war style between the Crusaders and the Muslims increased the potential of the Muslim forces, which led to the unsuccessful nature of the crusades.30 Conclusion The crusades refer to the chain of religious wars, fought between Muslim and European forces at Levant and Asian minor. The crusades started after Alexios appealed for the help of the Pope. Thus, the church could help the Byzantines at resto ring the Holy Land to Christian rule. The crusaders were made up of armies from Western Europe. The factors that led to the failure of the Crusades include the unskilled nature of the crusaders forces, which were not able to counter the war techniques of the Muslims. The failure of the crusades resulted from the rivalry that existed between the different leaders and the double-crossing of the Greeks by the church, which reduced the support offered to the crusades. The failure was caused by other factors, including the limited number of the soldiers that made up the crusaders forces, the high costs required to sustain the crusades and the lack of the support promised by the Byzantine forces. Other factors included the lack of effective transport networks in the Middle East and the bloody attacks by Muslim forces, which demoralized the crusaders. Lack of communication among the crusaders teams and the experienced fighting style of the Muslims also perpetuated the failure of the crusad es. Bibliography Bull, Marcus and Norman, Housley (eds). The Experience of Crusading Volume 1, Western Approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 307. Cartlidge, Cherese. The Crusades: Failed Holy Wars. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2002 Constable, Giles. The Historiography of the Crusades in Angeliki E. Laiou, ed. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. Washington, DC: Dumarton Oaks, 2001. 77. Edbury, Peter and Jonathan Phillips (eds). The Experience of Crusading Volume 2, Defining the Crusader Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 326. Edgington, Susan and Sarah Lambert (eds). Gendering the Crusades. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002. Florean, Dana. East Meets West: Cultural Confrontation and Exchange after the First Crusade. Language Intercultural Communication, 7. 2 (2007): 150–151. Folda, Jaroslav. Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 2005. Harris, Jonathan. Byzantium and the Crusades. New York: Continuum International Publishing, 2003: 276. Hodgson, Natasha. Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007. Housley, Norman. The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. James, Douglas. Christians and the First Crusade. History Review, 53 (2005): 34-38. Kagay, Donald and Andrew Villalon (eds). Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean. Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, 2003. Madden, Thomas (ed). The Crusades: The Essential Readings. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. Footnotes 1 Giles Constable, The Historiography of the Crusades in Angeliki E. Laiou, ed. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (Washington, DC: Dumarton Oaks, 2001), 77 2 Dana Florean, East Meets West: Cultural Confrontation and Exchange after the First Crusade. Language Intercultural Co mmunication, 7. 2 (2007): 150–151 3 Norman Housley. The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 75 4 Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips (eds), The Experience of Crusading Volume 2, Defining the Crusader Kingdom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 326 5 Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades (New York: Continuum International Publishing, 2003), 276. 6 Donald Kagay and Andrew Villalon (eds), Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean (Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, 2003), 134. 7 Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips (eds), The Experience of Crusading Volume 2, Defining the Crusader Kingdom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 326 8 Dana Florean, East Meets West: Cultural Confrontation and Exchange after the First Crusade. Language Intercultural Communication, 7. 2 (2007): 144. 9 Ibid, 145 10 Ibid, 150 11 Giles Constable, The Historiography of the Crusade s in Angeliki E. Laiou, ed. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (Washington, DC: Dumarton Oaks, 2001), 77 12 Florean Dana, East Meets West: Cultural Confrontation and Exchange after the First Crusade. Language Intercultural Communication, 7. 2 (2007): 143 13 Cherese Cartlidge. The Crusades: Failed Holy Wars. (San Diego: Lucent Books, 2002), 24 14 Natasha, Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007), 87. 15 Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades (New York: Continuum International Publishing, 2003), 276. 16 Donald Kagay, and Andrew, Villalon (eds), Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean (Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, 2003), 172. 17 Thomas Madden (ed), The Crusades: The Essential Readings (New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002), 74. 18 Douglas James, Christians and the First Crusade. History Review, 53 (2005): 34-38. 19 Natasha, Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007), 78. 20 Susan Edgington and Sarah Lambert (eds), Gendering the Crusades (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002), 232 21 Marcus Bull, and Norman, Housley (eds), The Experience of Crusading Volume 1, Western Approaches (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 307 22 Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades (New York: Continuum International Publishing, 2003), 276 23 Donald Kagay, and Andrew, Villalon (eds), Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean (Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, 2003), 172. 24 Florean Dana, East Meets West: Cultural Confrontation and Exchange after the First Crusade. Language Intercultural Communication, 7. 2 (2007): 144 25 Natasha, Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007), 78. 26 Thomas Madden (ed), The Crusades: The Essential Readings (New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 20 02), 174. 27 Ibid, 175. 28 Donald Kagay, and Andrew, Villalon (eds), Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies around the Mediterranean (Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, 2003), 172. 29 Natasha, Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007), 78. 30 Natasha, Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007), 78.

HRD, Learning Theory Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRD, Learning Theory - Research Paper Example In the work of Mason & Reynolds (2002), Thorndike’s works can be indicted to have had its history on the need by man to have animals learn from taught behaviors. This correlates with trial and error learning that indicates that animals learn through trial and errors. Tomlinson, (1997) indicates that animals will skillfully learn through repeating behaviors that will lead to rewarding and avoid ones that lead to punishment. As a lecturer and psychologist at Columbia University, where he researched on psychology of animal knowledge and educational psychology, Thorndike’s learning theory focuses on the role of the environment in the formation of responses in the course of learning and training (Happy, 2012). If a desired behavior is evident, then learning can be indicated to have occurred. Thorndike defines learning as an interaction between various stimulus and responses in an environment (Tomlinson, 1997). In the classroom setting, the educator is able to impact change in the learners by providing them with a token of appreciation each time they give the correct answer in a test. The educator may set a limit that would check for the achievers of that target. This will reinforce the learners towards working to a specific goal so as to attain the price. In the event of continuous and consistent rewarding, the learners end up cooperating in the learning process by all means so as to attain the set target. Happy (2012) refers the reward as stimulus which stimulates learning activities such as feeling towards the subject taught, thoughts of succession and capturing sense of need to acquire something new in the learning environment. Of essence, one would argue that the extent of the connection between the responses determines the extent in which the reaction will have a long-term effect on the objects. Thorndike is also of the opinion that through constant exercise, it is probable that the connection